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1994-05-02
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<text>
<title>
Atlantic Ocean: Geography
</title>
<article><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Atlantic Ocean
Geography</hdr><body>
<p>Location: body of water between the Western Hemisphere and
Europe/Africa
</p>
<list>
<l>Area:</l>
<l> total area: 82.217 million km2</l>
<l> comparative area: slightly less than nine times the size of
the US; second-largest of the world's four oceans (after the
Pacific Ocean, but larger than Indian Ocean or Arctic Ocean)</l>
</list>
<p>note: includes Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Caribbean Sea, Davis
Strait, Denmark Strait, Drake Passage, Gulf of Mexico,
Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Weddell Sea, and
other tributary water bodies
</p>
<p>Coastline: 111,866 km
</p>
<p>International disputes: some maritime disputes (see littoral
states)
</p>
<p>Climate: tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast
of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean
Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most
frequent from August to November
</p>
<p>Terrain: surface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador Sea,
Denmark Strait, and Baltic Sea from October to June; clockwise
warm water gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the
north Atlantic, counterclockwise warm water gyre in the south
Atlantic; the ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Atlantic
Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for the entire Atlantic
basin; maximum depth is 8,605 meters in the Puerto Rico Trench
</p>
<p>Natural resources: oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals
(seals and whales), sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits,
polymetallic nodules, precious stones
</p>
<p>Environment: endangered marine species include the manatee,
seals, sea lions, turtles, and whales; municipal sludge
pollution off eastern US, southern Brazil, and eastern
Argentina; oil pollution in Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Lake
Maracaibo, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; industrial waste and
municipal sewage pollution in Baltic Sea, North Sea, and
Mediterranean Sea; icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark
Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic from February to August
and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira
Islands; icebergs from Antarctica occur in the extreme southern
Atlantic
</p>
<p>Note: ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north
Atlantic from October to May and extreme south Atlantic from May
to October; persistent fog can be a hazard to shipping from May
to September; major choke points include the Dardanelles, Strait
of Gibraltar, access to the Panama and Suez Canals; strategic
straits include the Dover Strait, Straits of Florida, Mona
Passage, The Sound (Oresund), and Windward Passage; north
Atlantic shipping lanes subject to icebergs from February to
August; the Equator divides the Atlantic Ocean into the North
Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean
</p></body></article></text>